Sumerians used advanced ancient technology to engineer bitumen with fibers and minerals, revealing sophisticated material science.

The underlying substance is Sumerian bitumen: a naturally occurring petroleum material (often called an asphalt-like “black goo”) long associated with waterproofing and adhesion, and even with ...

The story of how the first cities rose from southern Mesopotamia has long fascinated scientists and historians. Many explanations point to fertile soil, farming, and trade networks as the engines of ...

The Sumerian takeoff -- Factors hindering our understanding of the Sumerian takeoff -- Modeling the dynamics of urban growth -- Early Mesopotamian urbanism : why? -- Early Mesopotamian urbanism : how?

The realm of artificial intelligence (AI) has been making considerable strides in the field of language translation, particularly with ancient languages. The latest feat in this realm is the ...