A narrative review argues that the immune effects of microbial and microbial–host co-metabolites in critical illness depend ...

Natural transformation is a form of horizontal gene transfer by which bacteria internalise free DNA from their surroundings and integrate it into their genomes through homologous recombination. This ...

Scientists are finally tracing, step by step, how bacteria strip down and rebuild steroid molecules into compounds that look a lot like modern drugs. By mapping these microbial assembly lines in the ...

To produce pharmaceuticals, food ingredients, and flavors and fragrances, it is often necessary to oxidize alcohols. In ...