The University of Jyväskylä, Finland, has been involved as part of an international collaboration that has identified a way ...

Fuses and thermistors can be integrated directly into the heating elements to provide additional over-temperature protection as well as closed-loop feedback control.

On-off control is the simplest form of temperature control. All temperature controllers use a setpoint, which establishes the temperature at which a process is maintained.

There are two main heater strategies: set it and forget it, or turn it on and off. While some people may prefer the first strategy, the second way is likely to be cheaper.