Hostile architecture is the practice of designing public spaces with features that prevent people from sleeping or resting in them. Benches built with metal armrests, center dividers, sloped seats, or segmented sections make it physically impossible to lie down, while metal spikes and curved surfaces serve the same purpose in a less obvious way. Critics point out that these designs often go unnoticed by most people but are immediately felt by those experiencing homelessness. Cities across the wo